What is the primary function of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter?

The primary function of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is to detect ground faults quickly. A ground fault occurs when there is an unintended path for current to flow to the ground, which can happen if, for example, a person accidentally touches a live wire or a device that is connected to the electrical circuit. The GFCI monitors the electrical current flowing through the circuit and compares the current coming from the power source to the current returning. If it detects an imbalance as small as 4 to 6 milliamperes, it will swiftly shut off the electrical supply, thereby protecting individuals from serious electrical shock and potential electrocution.

This rapid detection is crucial because it significantly reduces the risk of electrical injuries in environments where water may be present, such as bathrooms or kitchens, where traditional circuit protection may not suffice. Understanding this function highlights the importance of GFCIs in electrical safety practices, particularly in safeguarding human lives.